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Ostermeyer, U., Meyer, C., & Schubring, R. (2009). Herstellung und Zusammensetzung von asiatischen Fischsaucen. Inf. Fischereiforsch., 56, 1?18.
Zusammenfassung: Fischsauce gehört zu den wichtigsten Würzsaucen in der südostasiatischen Küche. Es ist eine klare, bernsteinfarbene bis rötlich-braune, sehr intensiv riechende Flüssigkeit. Sie wird anstelle von Salz verwendet und daher fast zu jedem Essen gereicht.
Zur Herstellung von Fischsaucen werden hauptsächlich Anchovis und ähnliche kleine Fische verwendet. Bei der traditionel-len Herstellung werden die ganzen Fische mit Meersalz in einem Holzfass, Tongefäß oder Betontank im Verhältnis 1:1 bis 6:1 gemischt. Während der anschließenden 6 – 18 Monate dauernden Lagerung bei tropischen Temperaturen bauen sich die Gewebeproteine durch fischeigene Enzyme und Mikroorganismen ab. Bei diesem mehrmonatigen Fermentationsprozess entstehen die für den Geschmack wichtigen Aminosäuren, Peptide und Aromastoffe. Es gibt neben reiner Fischsauce, auch verdünnte Fischsauce und Fischsaucen aus anderen Tieren wie Muscheln, Garnelen und Tintenfische.
In den einzelnen asiatischen Ländern gibt es unterschiedliche nationale Qualitätsstandards. Um diese Produktgruppe näher kennen zu lernen, haben wir 16 Fisch- und 2 Austernsaucen aus dem Einzelhandel (Hamburg) mit physikalischen, chemischen, sensorischen und mikrobiologischen Verfahren untersucht.
Schlüsselwörter: Ernährung, Lebensmittel
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Abuelgasim, H., Albury, C., & Lee, J. (2020). Effectriveness of honey for symptomatic relief in upper respiratory tract infections: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Evidence-Based Medicine, , 8.
Schlüsselwörter: Honig, Medizin, Behandlung
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Borcherding, J., Staas, S., Krüger, S., Ondrackova, M., Slapansky, L., & Jurajda, P. (2011). Non-native Gobiid species in the lower River Rhine (Germany): recent range extensions and densities. Journal of applied ichthyologyIchthyology, 27(1), 153?155.
Schlüsselwörter: Fisch, Gobio
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Espanhol, R., Almeida, P. R., & Alves, M. J. (2007). Evolutionary history of lamprey paired species Lampetra fluviatilis (L.) and Lampetra planeri (Bloch) as inferred from mitochondrial DNA variation. Molecular Ecology, 16(9), 1909?1924.
Zusammenfassung: A remarkable trend in the evolution of lampreys is the occurrence in most genera of 'paired species', in which the parasitic anadromous lampreys are believed to have given rise to nonparasitic freshwater resident populations. The present work examines the phylogeography of the European paired species Lampetra fluviatilis and Lampetra planeri, in an attempt to elucidate species pair evolutionary history. We studied sequence variation in cytochrome b and ATPase 6, 8 mitochondrial genes in 63 individuals from 21 localities of the paired species throughout their distribution range. Results from the phylogenetic and nested clade analyses were largely consistent, suggesting the existence of three major evolutionary lineages: lineage I and possibly lineage II are widespread throughout Europe, while the most ancestral lineage III is apparently restricted to the Iberian Peninsula. The high genetic diversity observed in the Iberian Peninsula is probably the result of refugial persistence and subsequent accumulation of variation over several ice ages, whereas the low levels of genetic diversity observed in central and northern Europe should reflect a rapid postglacial colonization. Results suggest that L. planeri originated within at least two distinct evolutionary lineages, rejecting the single origin hypothesis. The observed lack of taxa monophyly within lineage I may be the result of ongoing gene flow if the two taxa are alternate life-history forms of a single species. However, structure within lineage I is also consistent with the hypothesis of divergence of taxa after postglacial dispersion (around 2000 generations ago) with incomplete lineage sorting. Further testing of the alternative hypotheses is warranted.
Schlüsselwörter: Neunauge, Bachneunauge, Lampetra planeri, Flussneunauge, Lampetra fluviatilis, DNA, Phylogeographie
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Nolte, A. W., Freyhof, J., Stemshorn, K. C., & Tautz, D. (2005). An invasive lineage of sculpins, Cottus sp. (Pisces, Teleostei) in the Rhine with new habitat adaptions has originated from hybridization between old phylogeographic groups. Proc. R. Soc. B, 2005(272), 2379?2387.
Zusammenfassung: Fish abundance surveys in the Rhine system have shown in the past two decades that there is a rapid upriver invasion of a freshwater sculpin of the genus Cottus. These fish are found in habitats that are atypical for the known species Cottus gobio, which is confined to small cold streams within the Rhine drainage. Phylogeographic analysis based on mitochondrial haplotypes and diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphisms indicates that the invasive sculpins are hybrids between two old lineages from the River Scheldt drainage and the River Rhine drainage, although it is morphologically more similar to the Scheldt sculpins. Most importantly, however, the invasive population possesses a unique ecological potential that does not occur in either of the source populations from the Rhine or the Scheldt, which allows the colonization of new habitats that have previously been free of sculpins. Microsatellite analysis shows that the new lineage is genetically intermediate between the old lineages and that it forms a distinct genetic group across its whole expansion range.We conclude that hybridization between long separated groups has lead to the fast emergence of a new, adaptationally distinct sculpin lineage.
Schlüsselwörter: Fisch, Groppe, Cottus, Artbildung, Morphologie, Genetik, Habitat
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Stepien, C. A., & Tumeo, M. A. (2006). Invasion genetics of Ponto-Caspian gobies in the Great Lakes: a ‘cryptic’ species, absence of founder effects, and comparative risk analysis. Biological Invasions, (8), 61?78.
Schlüsselwörter: Fisch, Gobio, Neozoo, Neogobius melanostomus, Proterorhinus marmoratus, Genetik
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Fischer, P., & Wittkugel, C. (2002). Kartographische Erfassung von Fischlaichgebieten im Uferbereich des Bodensees.140.
Schlüsselwörter: Fisch, Laich, Fortpflanzung, Bodensee, GIS
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Klausewitz, W. (1974). Die frühere Fischfauna des Untermains. Natur und Museum, 104, 1?7.
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Rudy, H. (1938). Fischereiliche und allgemeine zoologische Nutzung oberrheinischer Gewässer. Mitt. Badischen Landesver. Naturkunde und Neturschutz, N.F. 3(27/28 und 29/30), 397?402 und 445?449.
Schlüsselwörter: Fisch, Krebs, Historisch, Vorkommen, Nutzung
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Stärk, O. J. (1956). Das Vordringen der Chinesischen Wollhandkrabbe (Eriocheri sinensis in den Oberrhein. Mitt. Badischen Landesver. Naturkunde und Naturschutz, 6(4), 238?240.
Schlüsselwörter: Krebs, Wollhandkrabbe, Eriocheir sinensis, Vorkommen
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